Two brothers one sister Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two brothers one sister - Essay Example My brother, Saleh and I hated studying because we saw it as a hindrance to our time and activities together. We were not able to see each other as often as before and we had less time playing together and telling stories. Moreover, our sister started staying away from us more often because she fell in love with books. She was always excited to go to school which made me and my brother stick even closer together, spending more time with our toys than our books. Although our sister, Naelh loved school so much, she still joined us during our play when she got tired of looking at her boring books. On our part, we always entertained her and gladly took he chance of her presence as she actively participated in our activities. When we got a little older, my sister who was always the bookworm and serious type asked us what we wanted to be when we grew up. Saleh and I were silent for a moment and pretended to ponder about her question in silence. Without really considering the matter until then, I threw the question back to our sister who went into a dreamy state telling her dreams of becoming a doctor so that she could help other people especially those who are helpless in the state of being seriously sick. She then went on to describe how she is mapping her future by studying really hard, doing her best in school for her to achieve high grades and someday go to college to pursue Medicine. Her excitement and convictions seemed to us a part of her being a female so we just let it pass that time and went on hating our studies. We came to like the school, though because we were able to make new friends there and get to see beautiful girls. Studying for us was just a matter of showing respect and obedience tow ards our parents who always wanted the best for us. On March 6, 2005, my sister was involved in a car accident which caused her early and unexpected death. Shock struck us that time because we never thought she would leave us in such a manner, having

Local Lit Foreign Lit Essay Example for Free

Local Lit Foreign Lit Essay In this chapter one of the most important early steps in a research project is the conducting of the literature review. This chapter will explain how review of related literature is very important in conducting a study. This is also one of the most humbling experiences youre likely to have. Because youre likely to find out that just about any worthwhile idea you will have has been thought of before, at least to some degree. A literature review is designed to identify related research, to set the current research project within a conceptual and theoretical context. The greatest emphasis on research journals that use a blind or juried review system. The literature review will help to find and select appropriate measurement instruments. It will readily see what measurement instruments researchers used themselves in contexts similar to the study. Finally, the literature review will help to anticipate common problems in the research context. It can use the prior experiences of others to avoid common traps and pitfalls. 2.1 Related Literature Local Literature The Department of Education said Monday â€Å"it’s all systems go† for the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE), adding that it expects some 1.5 million fourth year high school students from both public and private schools to participate. â€Å"The annual conduct of the NCAE gives the students and the parents an idea on the field of endeavor most suited to the graduating students thus, allowing for better decision on their choice of career,† Education Secretary Jesli Lapus said. A major part of the exam consists of the general scholastic aptitude test. It also measures a graduating student’s potentials or inclination in such areas as technical-vocational aptitude, entrepreneurial skills, nonverbal ability and occupational interest. The test components are: scientific ability, mathematical ability, reading comprehension, verbal ability, manipulative skills, clerical ability, non-verbal ability and entrepreneurial skills. The exam results are at best recommendatory and are not a requisite for admission to college. There were 717,232 students or 58.62 percent who obtained high aptitude in entrepreneurship. Some 20,307 students with high general scholastic aptitude scores and 22,879 students with high results in technical-vocational aptitude became eligible. (James Konstantin Galvez, n.d.) It says in the article that the assessment exam will determine which career path is best after graduation from high school based on the individual test results. The examination will also minimize the mismatch in career choices and skills that has affected many college graduates who were not well advised about what career path they should take. *PMA exam passers eye academy’s 300 slots.The 942 passers of the recent Philippine Military Academy (PMA) entrance exams will still have to battle it out to make it to the 300-strong cast of final cut and fulfill their dreams of being a member of the PMA Class 2013. The PMA entrance examination is the just first step of a highly competitive process for cadet aspirants in the PMA. To secure a slot in the academy, examination passers will then have to overcome the rigid and complete physical fitness test and medical examination set in early October. But the good news is PMA’s officials are reportedly planning to talk with the Armed Forces of the Philippines general headquarters to extend the final cut qualifiers by 30 to 50. Those who will qualify the second stage will be notified by the PMA thru mail, while the complete list of passers will be published in some major national broadsheets and at the PMA website at www.pma.ph. And although the exam is just the beginning, PMA Supt. M/Gen. Leopoldo Maligalig appreciated the 18-percent passing rate this year, only a whisker ahead of last year’s 16 percent. Records show that applicants from Baguio registered the highest passing percentage in the entrance exam at 27 percent with 133 passers. There were 8, 449 regulars and 1,834 walk-in applicants nationwide but only 5, 777 have qualified to take the entrance examinations. 5, 652 completed the battery test in mathematics, English and special PMA aptitude test. PMA, considered the country’s top military institution, has been accepting more than 10,000 to 12, 000 applicants in the past years. Academy’s information officer Lady Capt. Agnes Lynnette Flores, however, noted that there has been a decrease in the number of aspiring cadets as a result of PMA’s more rigid training intended to maintain its reputation of producing high-quality cadets and future true leaders.â€Å"The program is also geared to insulate PMA cadets from politics and to mold them into constitutional soldiers who must defend the fundamental law of the land at all costs,† she said. *MMDA chief: Address job mismatch. Saying the education system is failing to produce the skills needed by the private industry, Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman Bayani Fernando yesterday called for joint public-private collaboration to address the problem of job mismatch. â€Å"The government, schools and private business should get together for an exchange of views on dominant and emerging jobs and the skills needed to fill the jobs,† Fernando said. He suggested human-resource planning to forecast the demand for and supply of critical skills. The planning could be done on an industry basis. Fernando proposed that companies provide the necessary training and retraining, while colleges and universities review their curricula to offer business-friendly courses. The government should also enhance its free training program through the Technical and Skills Development Authority (Tesda) by opening more training centers in rural areas and strengthening its vocational training program. Current opportunities, Fernando noted, are in the fields of information technology, retail, manufacturing, tourism, hospitality and accounting, adding that the call center industry has an opening for at least 60,000 jobs this year. Fernando said the Philippine economy should also continue to grow in order to provide more better-paying jobs that would entice Filipinos to stay in the country. While overseas Filipino workers are providing billions of dollars in remittances for the Philippine economy, their absence in the country also contributes to the brain/skills drain and to dysfunctional families, he observed. Local industries have estimated incurring an additional P1 billion for recruiting and training new workers to replace those who have left to work abroad. Foreign Literature DepEd asked not to rank schools in NAT. The Federation of Association of Private Schools and Administrators (FAPSA) is asking the Department of Education (DepEd) not to rank schools in the National Achievement Test (NAT), saying it is not a healthy competition. â€Å"Our group would not mind the intention of Secretary (Jesli) Lapus provided the outcome would not be published,’’ he added. Kasilag made the appeal after the DepEd administered the NAT to sixth graders and second year high school students last March 5 and 12. â€Å"The conduct of the test had paved the way for ingenious access to leakage. Former DepEd secretary Raul Roco had admitted that questions and answers could bought in the provinces,’’ he said. Kasilag said the NAT, being the precursor of NCEE in the 90’s then NEAT and NSAT in 2000, was the same exam for whose abolition his group lobbied for. Roco abolished the NCEE in a bid to allow more students to enter college. He cited the case of a female student in his school (St. Nicholas school in Marikina) who failed to graduate as valedictorian because she didn’t do well in NEAT exam years back. â€Å"The mother asked why should a days exam matter most over the entire six years of study in elementary? Schools already have 4 periodicals, 10 monthly tests, countless quizzes and daily assignments, are these not enough?’’ he said. (Shianee Mamanglu, March 18, 2009) The ranking of schools in a publication had proved to be divisive and resulted in unhealthy competition among private schools. Schools that lagged behind prepared rigorously to recover at the expense of regular academic curriculum. Ofcourse, if the result is published it will only cause disgrace to the schools. The conduct of the NAT is not reliable enough to assess the total performance of students, since students, particularly those from the provinces, can buy questions, answers and grades. *Mandatory psych test for leaving OFWs opposed. We will also stage various mass actions in national level in the coming weeks to show Malacanang and the House members that there is indeed clamor for this, he added. Basas, however, expressed appreciation to Secretary Lapus and the entire DepEd in lobbying for the immediate approval of the proposed bill. He also lauded the Senate for the immediate approval of its counterpart proposed law in the Upper Chamber. TDC claimed that since 2001 public school teachers had only two salary increases amounting to P2, 000 combined. Mandatory psych test for leaving OFWs opposed. Manila, Philippines A coalition of migrants’ rights organizations has opposed the proposal to make psychiatric examination mandatory for leaving overseas Filipino household service workers. Ellene Sana, executive director of the Center for Migrants Advocacy (CMA), said the proposal was made by the Department of Foreign Affairs, citing a study by the Department of Health of mental cases among overseas Filipino workers. She said they got the information from Poe Gratela, private sector representative to the governing body of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), during a consultation meeting on August 6. In Resolution No. 05, Series 2008, the Consultative Council on OFWs (CCOFW), of which CMA is a member, argued that this mandatory psychiatric exam only for household service workers is discriminatory, will be an additional cost to OFWs, and does not guarantee objectivity. *The council also said the test presupposes that the root problem is the workers’ psychiatric disposition. It said this presumption is â€Å"unfounded and illogical.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sound psychiatric test results of a worker cannot guarantee one’s sanity because there are simply too many aggravating factors such as work environment, cultural differences, language barriers, and emotional stress that affect OFWs’ physical and mental conditions,† it said. The council pointed out data which shows that 78 percent of the household service workers deemed mentally unfit were deployed in the Middle East. This indicates that â€Å"what is needed is for the government to look at the working conditions in the Middle East of the household service workers, and not these workers’ mental states,† it said. Instead, the council proposed that the government administer mandatory psychiatric examinations to all government personnel deployed overseas â€Å"to determine their psychological and emotional preparation for overseas assignments, particularly, in handling cases of workers in distress.† *Aside from CMA’s Sana, the other signatories to the resolution are: Fr. Savino Bernardi of the Apostleship of the Sea, Fr. Edwin Corros of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines’ Ecumenical Commission on Migrants and Itinerants, Luis Andres Maya of the Scalarini Center for People on the Move, Fr. Fabio Baggio of the Scalabrini Migration Center,Gwendolyn Valencia of the Philippine Migrants Rights Watch, Carmelita Nuqui of the Development Action for Women Network, Gina Espinosa of Kaibigan Inc., Francisco Aguilar Jr. of the Fil Migrant Workers Group, Mildred Yamzon and Dr. Gloria Itchon of the Women in Development Foundation, and Luther Calderon of Kampi. *Naveed Azim and Imran Naqvi and Kashif ur Rehman. Learning of student can be assessed by objective type and subjective type questions. Educationists and behavioral scientists declare subjective writing skills essential for senior management positions. Investigation revealed that IT professionals who qualified through objective type online examination and lack subjective writing skills could not earn rise in career to top management positions easily. The study considered ability of a student to express knowledge subjectively as the independent variable and higher management position requirements as the dependent variable. It hypothesized better the student of higher level education in his/her subjective expression, more considerable s/he will be for positions at senior management in business organizations. The study selected 100 private companies engaged in the field of Information Technology (IT) in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan who seek OCP or MCSD or MCSE certified professionals. SalonBooker is the leading online scheduling, point-of-sale and business management software for the beauty industry. Thousands of businesses have joined the GramercyOne family to provide online booking to their customers, manage day-to-day operations and drive new business. SalonBooker is completely web-based, which makes it available from any computer with a browser and internet connection, anywhere at any time, even via an smart phone or iPad. With SalonBooker you will be able to manage your business efficiently by integrating multiple systems in to one, save time through intelligent inventory and commission management and track and report across all activities within your business. (http://www.salonbooker.com/) 2.2 Related Studies Local Studies *According to Wikipedia, â€Å"A test or an examination (or exam) is an assessment, often administered on paper or on the computer, intended to measure the test-takers or respondents (often a student) knowledge, skills, aptitudes, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs). Tests are often used in education, professional certification, counseling, psychology (e.g., MMPI), the military, and many other fields. The measurement that is the goal of testing is called a test score, and is a summary of the evidence contained in an examinees responses to the items of a test that are related to the construct or constructs being measured. Test scores are interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally both. The norm may be established independently, or by statistical analysis of a large number of subjects.† (www.wikipedia.com) According to Lee J. Cronbach, â€Å"Test aid in making many sorts of decisions, including selection and classification of individuals, evaluation of educational or treatment procedures, and acceptance or rejection of scientific hypothesis.† (Essentials of Psychological Testing, Cronbach, p.18) According to Wikipedia, â€Å"An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site. It originated as the modern equivalent of a traditional bulletin board, and a technological evolution of the dialup bulletin board system. From a technological standpoint, forums or boards are web applications managing user-generated content. People participating in an Internet forum may cultivate social bonds and interest groups for a topic may form from the discussions. (www.wikipedia.com) According to WORDIQ, †An Internet forum, also known as a message board or discussion board, is a web application that provides for online discussions, and is the modern descendant of the bulletin board systems and existing Usenet news systems that were widespread in the 1980s and 1990s. An Internet forum typically exists as part of a website and invites users to start topics and discuss issues with one another. Sometimes, a forum even comprises most, if not all, of the content of a site. Compared to wikis, Internet forums dont allow users to edit the forum posts of other users; however, administrators and moderators generally have the capability of doing thisâ€Å". (www.wordiq.com) Foreign Studies College student retention programs tend to focus primarily on students in their first and second year of college as this is the time when the greatest number of students withdraws from postsecondary education (ACT 2004). Such programs vary substantially in design and execution. Examples include: Early alert, assessment, and monitoring systems to identify students at risk of dropping out for early intervention; Freshman Seminar; and HORIZONS. Organizational Theory practices, designed to create an institutional culture conducive to student retention, are another means of encouraging college student retention. Improving college retention rates may have broad impacts: students who complete college degrees have been found to be less likely to need the support of social services, generate higher tax returns, put less stress on the criminal justice system, and have better health status and improved parenting skills. Expected Beneficial Outcomes, Increased college retention rates, increased graduation rates, Evidence of Effectiveness ACT-Student Retention 2004 indicates that emphasis on retention strategies over the past several decades has not had a substantial impact on college retention overall. However, such programs have been effective in some venues and for some students: Dale 1995 reports that 85% of students participating in HORIZON, a Purdue University based student retention program, were retained compared to only 47% of non-enrollee peers. Participants indicated that belonging to a support network, having assistance with effective study methods, and tutoring were most important to their decision not to leave school. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Career assessments are tests that are designed to help individuals understand how a variety of personal attributes (i.e., interests, values, preferences, motivations, aptitudes and skills), impacts their potential success and satisfaction with different career options and work environments. Assessments of some or all of these attributes are often used by individuals or organizations, such as university career service centers, career counselors, outplacement companies, corporate human resources staff, executive coaches, vocational rehabilitation counselors, and guidance counselors to help individuals make more informed career decisions.†

Essay --

The Civil Rights Movement began shortly after the end of WWII. The United States took the biggest turn on to the path of civil rights with the Supreme Court’s decision in the Brown vs. the Board of Education case. This decision ignited a revolution that would forever change America's future. Once this movement began, Martin Luther King Jr. knew change needed to happen while Malcolm X didn‘t. He believed that the only way to make the change would be through nonviolence. Martin Luther King’s philosophy made more sense because it pushed America forward, racial inequality stopped through nonviolence, peace and love, which made everyone equal. King felt that all children deserved the same educational opportunities regardless of their skin color. Martin Luther King wanted to unite both races. He wanted them to be together and equal. He especially wanted schools to be integrated, which is stated in MLK's speech made at the Alabama state Capitol. He preached, "let us march on segregated schools until every vestige of segregation and inferior education becomes a thing of the past and negroes and whites study side by side in the socially healing context of the classroom..." (Document D). Malcolm X felt that integrating schools would only lead to more chaos, he felt that keeping schools segregated would keep African American students safer than being in white schools. Malcolm X was doubtful that change would happen, he wanted to move backwards while MLK took a stand and went forward, which is one reason why MLK’s philosophy made more sense during the Civil rights movement. It is clear in the picture of their one and only meeting (Document A) that both men seemed to have respected each other, even though their philosophies were different fro... ...iven at Michigan State University, he speaks, â€Å"(there are) 20 million Black people in Political, Economic, and Mental Prison† he states that â€Å"they always want to use methods that push one Negro at a time, then they use him to turn around and tell that masses, â€Å"You see, we’re solving the problem. And the problem is still unsolved...†(Document M). But the problem obviously was solved. Today all races are considered equal, interracial marriages are permitted, we are allowed to attend the same schools, and live in harmony. Because of Martin Luther Kings courageousness during the fight for racial equality, today every race is identified as equal in the legal system. Things in the 1960’s were difficult but King’s perseverance changed history in America forever, which makes it clear that Martin Luther King’s philosophy made the most sense during the civil rights movement.

How Tv Impacts Teens :: essays research papers

Bud...Weis... Er!† This is a phrase that teenagers hear everyday. Where do they hear this? They hear it on TV. It is a phrase used in a commercial for beer. This phrase is used to attract people’s attention including teenagers. This is one of many problems with TV these days. TV teaches teens the wrong material. Some of the other problems with TV include violence and dialogue. When it comes to commercials on TV, people think of the cola wars between Pepsi and Coca-Cola, or maybe they think of the famous Energizer bunny. However, there are also commercials for beer and cigarettes. These are items that could be fatal in some cases. Yet, these items are advertised on TV for teenagers to see. Commercials for beer or cigarettes aren’t to pursue just adults, but to pursue adolescents as well. The tobacco companies and alcohol companies know that teens are the age group who are most vulnerable, therefore these large industries target their ads towards teens. For example, there is a commercial for Molson Ice –a brand of beer– that use teens in their ad. The ad’s scenario is a high school party where teens are having fun while drinking beer. So what are teenagers going to think? They will think that if they drink beer they will have as much as the teens in the commercial. As a result of adolescents drinking there will be violence. Where do teens learn the concept of violence? Where else but TV. There is definitely way too much violence on television. For example on cable networks such as HBO or Showtime, there are shows that are built around violence. Shows such as OZ. This show is about prisoners who fight and kill for the sake of fighting and killing. These kinds of shows cause teens to be violent. Teens see only one way of dealing with their problems and instead dealing with obstacles peacefully, they use their fists, knives, or even guns. Another result of violence on TV is the formation of gangs. Teenage gangs exist throughout the state of New York, including the peaceful town of Port Washington, where I live. So now people will realize that violent teens is due to the violenceon TV.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A third problem with TV is the dialogue. Adolescents today make more grammar mistakes then ever before. The grammar problems are a result of watching TV shows that use too many slang words and phrases instead of real English.

Violating Social Norms

For this assignment, I decided to violate the social norm of not talking on the phone while watching a movie in a movie theater. Before the movie started, I tested my sister and asked her to call me during the movie. When she did so, I proceeded to have a 2-3 minute conversation with her and spoke loudly so that those around me would notice and be distracted. The people around me In the theater were obviously bothered by my behavior and annoyed. Several people turned around to stare at me or whispered under their breath to their friends.A few Just Just shook their heads or sighed. The social norm of refraining from talking on the phone during In a movie theater was an example of an explicit (In this case), Injunctive norm. The norm was explicit because during the movie previews, there was an advertisement that read â€Å"Please no talking on the phone or testing during the movie. † Through this ad, everyone In the theater was made directly aware of the social norm. Not talking on the phone In a movie is an injunctive norm because it is observed as the socially acceptable and polite thing to do.It is perceived that people approve of this behavior because it shows respect and consideration for those who want to watch the movie free of distractions or disturbances. This social norm is typically enforced through compliance. Even if a person might originally consider talking on the phone in a movie theater, they usually comply with the theater's directly stated request to not do so in the pre-movie â€Å"Please do not talk on the phone or text during the movie† message. My violation of this social norm elicited various mechanisms of social control from those surrounding me.As mentioned above, fellow movie-watchers tried to make me feel guilty for my â€Å"rude† behavior by fidgeting in their seats, loudly sighing, frequently turning around to stare at me, and muttering complaints to their friends. A woman at the end of my row even turned to face me and loudly said â€Å"Really!? Please get off your phone. † During my violation of a social norm, I felt extremely uncomfortable and self- conscious. I felt like all the attention in the theater was focused on me, and that everyone was negatively Judging me. As a result of the hostile responses around me, I let very attacked, anxious and embarrassed.I wanted to remove myself from the awkward situation as soon as possible. I think the people around me In the movie theater would explain my behavior with the assumption that I have a blatant disregard for others. They would probably attribute my violation of the social norm to what they see as self-centeredness, disrespect, and social awkwardness because compliance with the norm of not using your cell phone in a movie theater attempts to show decency and concern for the enjoyment of others. Since I used my phone and did not try to control my volume, people logically assumed that I Just didn't care about those around me.Violat ing Social Norms By calligrapher's would notice and be distracted. The people around me in the theater were obviously The social norm of refraining from talking on the phone during in a movie theater was an example of an explicit (in this case), injunctive norm. The norm was explicit talking on the phone or testing during the movie. † Through this ad, everyone in the theater was made directly aware of the social norm.

Tesco Understanding the economy and its effects on the business Essays

Tesco Understanding the economy and its effects on the business Essays Tesco Understanding the economy and its effects on the business Essay Tesco Understanding the economy and its effects on the business Essay During the recession, the demands for Tesco’s food and groceries has decreased because customers believed the price of these groceries to beyond their reach. Because of that, customer turned to more affordable retailers’ stores like the 99 pence shop or pondland. Tesco lost about 22 million customers to their groceries competitors which caused them to lose 2 to 3 per cent of their UK sales figures. They claimed that this lost was due to discounter brands. Tesco is also set to be cutting back on their electrical services to make space for other things †¦ this was due to a decrease in demand in that area of the business. This was due to the fact that people didn’t trust their brand enough to spend their money compared to other electrical brad like Sonny. The price of their electronic products was also a put off for customers who felt the pinch during the recession. The sales of their electrical products like CDs and DVDs went down because of the competition to companies like Amazon who are specialised in this area of electronics. This again was down to the trust of customers and the value for money offered. Amazon is a much more trusted brands for electronics like CDs and DVDs compared to Tesco so it makes more sense that most customers would shift to them for these kind of products Supply at Tesco PLC Supplies from Tesco diminished during the recession, Tesco supplied various produce and services from petrol services to things like stationaries for school. The supplies obviously changed during the recession compared to the way it was before. Tesco’s Supplies suffered Because of their prices, customers during the recession were after products that offered good value for money, cheap in a way. But because Tesco’s produces and services weren’t the at the price customer wanted, they switched to other suppliers Also another way these supplies changes was that Tesco only provided their supplies on demands because of the recession. Customers could not afford luxurious products or things they might not use a lot. Suppliers such as Tesco couldn’t produce too much or they were going to lose out on because of the lack of sales so suppliers would only produce according their demands How families might have been affected by the recession and fiscal and monetary policy measures put in place by the government during and after the recession (sheet 7) During the recession typical families have been affected by not being able to enjoy the luxury and things that are deemed not important enough. So instead of enjoying expensive holidays to other countries now and then people just stayed in the UK and go on family trips to places like haven. Some people starting cutting back on luxury stuff like expensive cars and switching to cheaper and stable cars in order to spend less Also most people during the recession were shopping around and to find the cheapest products and the one that offered good value for money. This cased businesses like Tesco to lose out to competitor such as Aldi who offered much cheaper products which fitted the pockets of customers The government took measures such as monetary and fiscal policies, the aims of these policies were to keep inflation levels as low as possible, maintain the positive growth of the economy (this is close to 2.5%). Also these policies aimed to provide full employment and reduce cyclical fluctuations in the economic cycle One of the key factors leading to the recession was increasing unemployment, as know unemployment is bad for the economy because it causes the government to spend more and reduces fund for other important things. In order to reduce unemployment in the future, the government raised the school leaving age from 16 years old to 18 years old. This was done because researches showed that people staying in school till 18 had more chance to earn money Global interaction and Tesco Tesco has benefited from international supply chains by expanding and dealing with many countries across the globe, the benefits of these trades is that it helped them provide their customers with varied range goods and good quality of food from various countries. For example benefits from their international supply chain by obtaining thing such as exotic products like mango, guava etc These are some of the product that consumers demand but be grown in the UK. Tesco and its customers can access these products thanks to the international supply chains and relationship they have with other countries. Tesco benefits from national supply chains by being able to access most a lot of brand within the UK such as â€Å"walker† and others. These are the type of food customer demands from Tesco and because of their national supply chain they can afford to satisfy these customers’ demands. From local supply chain Tesco has been able to provide quality fundamental food such as milk, meat and bread from local farms. Tesco uses this supply chains to provide quality local food that customers are expecting from them. Tesco being the biggest food retail in UK has expanded geographically in several new markets around the globe. Currently Tesco operates in 11 different countries in some of which they have obtained full ownership of business which means that they were fully allowed to establish themselves in these countries. In others not so much, Tesco wasn’t given full ownership in some of the countries where the currently operate but instead they were allowed to cooperate with other companies within these countries. For example in India, Tesco was given only part of an ownership which means they had to cooperate with another company if they wanted to stay and operate in India. Because growth of businesses in the UK are regulated is always regulated by the (CMA) for the benefits of consumers, other businesses and the economy, businesses like Tesco can’t go any bigger than they already are even if they wanted to. Du to this, businesses are forced to go compete in other countries where they can actually expand further and achieve their aims. By operating abroad, Tesco reduces the ability of the government to regulate them in ways like building more partnership to expand. Reference dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1091079/Recession-hits-Tesco-Grocery-giants-sales-fall-lowest-figure-16-years-shoppers-turn-budget-supermarkets.html

Thomas Paine essays

Thomas Paine essays Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737 in England. He started to work after a short and basic education. He was an unsuccessful man until he met Benjamin Franklin in 1774, who advised him to immigrate to America. He sailed for Philadelphia that same year, 1774, and started as a publicist. He first published his African Slavery in America, in the spring of 1775, criticizing slavery in America being unjust. While in Philadelphia, Paine felt the spirit of rebellion that was going on in the colonies, both, after the Boston Tea Party and when the fighting started in April of 1775 with the battles of Lexington and Concord. He felt that the colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them. An important thing that Thomas Paine did for the American cause was on January 10, 1776. On that day, Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense. This pamphlet argued for complete independence. It was intended to convince Americans that sooner or later independence from England must come. It was common sense to be free from England. Paines pamphlet had great influence on the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. Paine volunteered in the Continental Army during the War of Independence and started with the writing of his highly influential sixteen American Crisis Papers, which he published between 1776 and 1783. This was another great importance of Thomas Paine to the American cause. He was later made secretary to the Committee of Foreign Affairs in Congress. In 1787, Thomas Paine returned to England, where he wrote The Rights of Man, in support of the French Revolution. He returned to America again in 1802 after an invitation by Thomas Jefferson. He learned that he was a great infidel, or simply forgotten for what he had done for America. Thomas Paine died in New York City on June 8, 1809. In conclusion, Thomas Paine was very important to the American cause....

Lord Alfred Tennyson + Break Break Break Essays

Lord Alfred Tennyson + Break Break Break Essays Lord Alfred Tennyson + Break Break Break Paper Lord Alfred Tennyson + Break Break Break Paper Alfred Tennyson was born on August the 6th 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire. Alfred was the forth out of twelve children of George and Elizabeth Tennyson. Alfred’s father, George Clayton Tennyson suffered from depression and was absentminded. In the late twenties Alfred’s father’s physical and mental condition worsened as he became paranoid, abusive and violent. Tennyson escaped the troubled atmosphere of home when he followed his two brothers to Trinity College in 1827. He joined the literary club ‘The Apostles’ and met Arthur Hallam. Alfred Tennyson became very good friends with Arthur Henry Hallam. Arthur Hallam and Alfred Tennyson were friends for four years; their close relationship had an impact and influence on Tennyson’s poetry. Hallam later on med Emily Tennyson and the two friends looked forward to a life-long companionship. Hallam’s death from illness in 1833 shocked Tennyson profoundly. Tennyson wrote many poems about his grief and deepest feelings of his dear lost friend. Tennyson suffered from extreme short-sightedness. He had considerable difficulty writing and reading. Tennyson composed much of his poetry in his head, occasionally working on individual poems for many years. Long lived like most of his family, Alfred Lord Tennyson died on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83. The two poems that I will be talking about today will be Break, Break, Break and Ulysses. â€Å"Break, Break, Break† is a lyrical poem which centers on Tennyson’s grief over the death of his closest friend Arthur Hallam. Throughout the poem Tennyson grieves for his loss of his friend. Nature does not stop to mourn for the loss of anyone. Cold and unchangeable, it continues its relentless cycle. The waves of the ocean breaking against the rocks along the seashore never pausing even for a moment. Such a major impact towards Tennyson’s world, he would expect everything that the world would end in a kind of way. But the world still carries on; as the fisherman’s boy is happily playing with his sister; the sailor is merrily singing and the ship is busily plying the waters of commerce. â€Å"Oh for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still† tells us of Tennyson yearning to touch the hand of his friend Arthur Hallam once more and to hear the sound of his voice. Tennyson has incorporated many themes into Break, Break, Break. The main theme is bereavement, heartache and emptiness. Tennyson talks of how the sun rises, children laughing and the world continuing on as if nothing has happened, going on as usual. While Tennyson is in his darkest hour of grief feeling bereaved of his closest friend. How could the world be so unfeeling? Another theme conveyed in the poem would be the indifference of nature. Nature continues its functions and cycles regardless of what is happening to human beings. Tennyson grieves over his best friend and the world is still cold and indifferent not caring in anyway. usp. nus. edu. sg/victorian/authors/tennyson/kincaid/ch3a. html

The major failing of Situational Crime Prevention is that it does not Essay

The major failing of Situational Crime Prevention is that it does not address the root causes of crime. Discuss - Essay Example Therefore, SCP was developed based on the notion that crime is expected reduce considerably if focus shifts to minimizing offense opportunities, improving chances of criminals being caught, reducing rewards for perpetration while justifications for offending are also made less plausible. These perceptions of the ability of SCP to minimize the overall level of crime in the community is what informs a number of visible initiatives such as residential or commercial lighting to reduce dark areas around buildings, increasing the number of bus terminals to increase pedestrian traffic, and development of high density housing which promote interaction therefore reducing anonymity in the neighbourhood (Wortley, 2001). SCP approach takes crime prevention away from being the sole responsibility of law enforcement departments which in most cases focuses on criminals to focusing crime prevention on setting and context of crime. The control in SCP initiatives is not taken by the criminal justice agencies since the implementation can be undertaken through a partnership of all relevant community institutions that might include schools, municipality authorities, health centres, transport stakeholders, private enterprises, communication departments and entertainment facilities. SCP m ethods make criminal conduct difficult since the targets become inaccessible to criminals through the application of various techniques that are based on the manipulation of different settings. Application of technology is also a strong contributor to the success of SCP since initiatives such as installation of street lighting and alarm systems in and around business and residential areas have greatly lowered crime rates in different areas (Clarke, 2009). What makes SCP approach to crime distinct from other approaches is its theoretical framework is based on a practical focus to handling crime. Since the introduction of SCP, the

Text Analysis on the Tribal Drum ( radio ) from it's historical Essay

Text Analysis on the Tribal Drum ( radio ) from it's historical background to the future of the radio - Essay Example Radio was first invented in the 1860s, but the real radio became alive in 1866. This was demonstrated by Mahlon Loomis an American dentist. Body The article explains about the tribal drum, which is the radio. England and America were against the radio but could not evade its tribal magic. It was referred to as tribal since it brought the minds of people together. Radio had its monopolistic effects on the people, and as such much attention was put to radio especially in the totalitarian countries. Monopoly of the radio was brought about by the government in order to control the people. Although radio has monopolistic effects it cannot be counted to be part of the uses of radio and no inference can be made. Monopolistic effects have less social importance than is overall assumed. An example is Hitler who did not win by radio popularity as his enemies controlled radio but by the assurance of a somnambulist. Thus, even though the radio has controlling effects on people its impacts have l ess weight on the social preferences and importance. In a radio poll, an individual commented that he is more engrossed in radio than a book. This does not mean that the radio will influence the person; the person is using radio to create a private space for himself or uses it for homework and other functions. Examples are seen all over in the contemporary planet where an individual will exclude themselves from communal TV viewing and be by himself listening to the radio. This is just for private purposes amidst crowds. The Radio’s Role in Design Radio has portrayed people in the right or wrong way since listeners can only hear the voices and not see pictures of the owners of the sounds. Therefore, radio has played an enormous role in design as seen in a number of public figures lives and success rates. There has been a shift of radio from entertainment to a nervous information system public figures used it as a campaign strategy advertisement. Senator Mc Carthy was successfu l while he used radio as his medium of advertisement and campaign, but with the coming of TV, he switched. This saw his downfall as people heard his words or strategy while judging his looks. This made him lose as people are more judgmental with pictures than with sound. Thus, the design of radio being audio is significant as it causes anonymity thus judgment on purpose not bias. The same fate befell Nixon as he seemed superior on radio against Kennedy on the presidential debates, but when they appeared on TV people judged him harshly saying that he looked ‘phony’ or not likely to be telling the truth. In other words, his appearance was not convincing as his words thus the radio role in design took place. The same fate befell even entertainers like actress Marilyn Monroe. Other public figures like F.D.R learnt from the mistakes of his predecessors when it came to the role of radio in design. He pressurized the press creating the right atmosphere for his radio speeches. He knew that TV significantly shifts his whole political ideas, public mix and present him with problems: thus he discovered how to use press in close relation to radio. According to architect Le Corbusier words said in the dark have new meanings; they are rich and have different textures. The ear has been proven to be hyper esthetic that is in tolerant, closed and exclusive as compared to the neutral eye

Research Paper - Solar Technology, system, advantages and

- Solar Technology, system, advantages and disadvantages to the world - Research Paper Example earchers began to create applications for military or governmental purposes only, as huge costs of such applications limited existence of its notion for consumer purposes (National Research Council, pp. 111-129, 2000). In specific, the major decisive moment involving studies on solar energy was oil crisis of early 1970s due to lack of support of Arab countries, as they objected to export oil to countries that were supporting Israel in the conflict. Moreover, intervention and support of OAPEC resulted in intensification of such crisis that enforced Western countries to look for other energy sources to fulfill their requirements (SEIA, pp. 1-12, 2008). In the result, Western governments began to finance projects involving prospects of solar technology for commercial purposes, and such efforts have continued to identify and analyze different aspects of the solar technology that can offer cost-effective electricity for commercial, as well as residential purposes. It is an observation that studies related to benefits and drawbacks of solar technology have indicated three focus areas related to the production of electricity from solar energy. In first focus area, thermal energy acquired from the sun is concentrated for running a generator that subsequently generates electricity, and such process of optical concentration of thermal energy is carried out by CSE, also refer as ‘concentrating solar energy.’ Some of the major examples of such a focus area of solar technology are irrigation, locomotion, etc that are using CSEs to generate electricity for their purposes (SEIA, pp. 1-12, 2008). On the other hand, air or water is heated with the help of absorbers of radiation of sun, acquired through SWL; also refer as solar water heaters. Such heaters are usually present in commercial locations like hotels, malls, etc. The third alternative of generating electricity through solar energy is conversion of sunlight through an electronic procedure with the help of certain

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Essay

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Processes, Ethics, and Globalization - Essay Example e giant outlet commanding 31% of the total market turnover has been the recent victim of public criticism after revelations that since it began operations in the country, it had been avoiding tax payments to authorities, only paying 8.6 million despite generating 3 billion in revenues. Tax avoidance is an ethical issue as well as a national and global issue for a company that has its operations in many countries such as Starbucks. For close to 15 years, the coffee giant in the United Kingdom had been avoiding remitting taxes by reporting losses, only reporting profits in a single year. The company has been in operation in the country since the year 1998, with 700 outlets. There are various reasons why companies pay taxes to the authorities. While it is a legal obligation of the company, it is an ethical issue of portraying a good corporate image for the company (Rosser, Murray, 2010, p. 21). Closure of business is imminent by the authorities if the company is found to have evaded tax. Although it is legal to avoid paying taxes, criticism and loss of business for the company is quite possible in case the public decides not purchase products by the company. When David Cameron revealed to the public that Starbucks had not been paying taxes for the 15 years it had operated in the country, angry protestors demonstrated outside its outlets accusing the company being un-loyal to the country. Regardless of its origin being in America, the public expects the company to pay taxes to the UK authorities. To the public, any company should undertake this ethical practice so long as they buy their products. Starbucks risks loss of business from the public by failure to pay taxes. Physical demonstrations could turn to economic to the extent of the public choosing not to purchase the products. Governments are keen in payment of taxes by the companies operating in their jurisdictions (Great Britain, 2011, p. 14). The issue of Starbucks became a political problem to the point of

Educational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Educational - Essay Example Re-design the space to â€Å"provide effective restoration breaks and allow them to return to their work cognitively refreshed†. Today I am discussing on the design redesigning proposal of one of the buildings at the Cities Hall. This is a compute room located within the area. The room needs to be redesigned in respect to the addresses of the students in the educational environment by adhering to the being away, extent, Fascination and compatibility properties in architecture. Since the students have a lot to do at the college, they need refreshment and the computer room will be one of the best places. This is because the room has got computers for the students to be using while resting. It is also one of the best places the students like to hang out at. When redesigning the room, the first thing to do is conceptualize the room fully and perform some testing assumptions. This will go hand in hand with the evaluation of the results then followed by refining the craft of the building. This will begin with the viewing of the placement by redesigning the building by leaving enough spaces for the students to have good indoor and outdoor movements. This includes leaving enough spaces in the building. The design will focus on the properties of Address which entails Being away, Extend, and compatibility. Being away entails a new routine to be used by the students. The extent entails designing the room in order to follow the coherence needed and make the students be familiar with the building. Compatibility will abide with the students’ requirement by fitting and supporting the students. Example is having a place for the students to put their luggages. Under the indoor and outdoor view plan, the design will be well analyzed by the interactions of the students and locating their specific locations likes. Testing of the results will be done by the use of ANOVA testing. The indoor and outdoor of the room will be well analyzed and

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Essay

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Processes, Ethics, and Globalization - Essay Example e giant outlet commanding 31% of the total market turnover has been the recent victim of public criticism after revelations that since it began operations in the country, it had been avoiding tax payments to authorities, only paying 8.6 million despite generating 3 billion in revenues. Tax avoidance is an ethical issue as well as a national and global issue for a company that has its operations in many countries such as Starbucks. For close to 15 years, the coffee giant in the United Kingdom had been avoiding remitting taxes by reporting losses, only reporting profits in a single year. The company has been in operation in the country since the year 1998, with 700 outlets. There are various reasons why companies pay taxes to the authorities. While it is a legal obligation of the company, it is an ethical issue of portraying a good corporate image for the company (Rosser, Murray, 2010, p. 21). Closure of business is imminent by the authorities if the company is found to have evaded tax. Although it is legal to avoid paying taxes, criticism and loss of business for the company is quite possible in case the public decides not purchase products by the company. When David Cameron revealed to the public that Starbucks had not been paying taxes for the 15 years it had operated in the country, angry protestors demonstrated outside its outlets accusing the company being un-loyal to the country. Regardless of its origin being in America, the public expects the company to pay taxes to the UK authorities. To the public, any company should undertake this ethical practice so long as they buy their products. Starbucks risks loss of business from the public by failure to pay taxes. Physical demonstrations could turn to economic to the extent of the public choosing not to purchase the products. Governments are keen in payment of taxes by the companies operating in their jurisdictions (Great Britain, 2011, p. 14). The issue of Starbucks became a political problem to the point of

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century Essay

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century - Essay Example In the United States, trade deficits with China have soared as American products are unable to compete with the less expensive Chinese imports. American agricultural exports of corn, soybeans, and wheat reach markets all around the globe as vegetables from Chile and Mexico fill our supermarket shelves. Trade is everywhere and world trade seems to be a chaotic mix of goods and money, commodities and cash. However, world trade, administered under regional trade agreements and the World Trade Organization, are actually rather well-orchestrated transactions with rules, agreements, quotas, and regional trade organizations. A central component of the agreements on international trade is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO is the "only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations" (What is the WTO?). The WTO was established in 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The GATT evolved as an international forum for establishing fair trade guidelines, negotiating agreements, and settling trade disputes. The biggest accomplishment of the international forum is that it has "dramatically lowered both tariff and non-tariff barriers around the world, creating freer trade and contributing to postwar world growth" (Democratizing the World Trade Organization). In addition, the WTO has addressed the issues of quotas and subsidies that give nations an unfair advantage on the world market. The 153 members of the WTO have agreed to non-discrimination in regards to tariff levels among the member nations, and have agreed to treat them all equa lly. The WTO is simply an organization that works to liberalize trade and reduces the barriers to international commerce. The vast amount of world trade is conducted under the WTO and is regulated by a set of agreed-upon principles. All members agree to treat all other members equally.

Compare contrast essay Essay Example for Free

Compare contrast essay Essay Novelist Paul Sheldon has plans to make the difficult transition from writing historical romances featuring heroine Misery Chastain to publishing literary fiction. Annie Wilkes, Sheldons number one fan, rescues the author from the scene of a car accident. The former nurse takes care of him in her remote house, but becomes irate when she discovers that the author has killed Misery off in his latest book. Annie keeps Sheldon prisoner while forcing him to write a book that brings Misery back to life. Compare Contrast Essay â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by: William Faulkner â€Å"Misery† by: Stephen King I’ve chosen to compare contrast â€Å"A Rose for Emily† By: William Faulkner with â€Å"Misery† By: Stephen King, Obsessive women, broken ankles, trapped men Suspenseful endings both of these stories have a lot in common. In Stephen King’s â€Å"Misery† A Famous Novelist named Paul Sheldon is transitioning his writing from Romance to Fiction. While on his way to Colorado from his winter hide away he is in a horrific car accident brought on by the harsh weather conditions. Thankfully the writer’s number one fan and former nurse Annie Wilkes lived nearby and saved Paul from freezing to  death. Annie Wilkes just like Miss Emily Grierson lived isolated and away from the world, though Miss Emily lived in the town Annie Wilkes didn’t Miss Emily Isolated herself socially by not leaving her home nor opening the door when people of the town came by. Annie However, actually lived in an isolated cabin in the mountains. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† people of the town feel sorry for her because after losing her father (page: 207 she was sick for a long time), But not long after they began seeing her with a gentle man named Homer Barran. A construction worker who had come into town to pave the sidewalks. After a year of being with Homer the towns folk began saying they would marry even though Homer claimed to like men (page: 209, He was not a marrying man). One evening after  ending their relationship Homer went to see Miss Emily using rat poison she killed him and let everyone believe he left and went on with his life while she hid his remains. Annie Wilkes didn’t kill Paul Sheldon, but took advantage of the fact that he had been put in critical condition due to the car accident she removed him from. For weeks she held him captive until he gave her favorite novel the proper ending it deserved. After noticing his several, sneaky attempts to escape Annie straps Paul to the bed and cripple s him by breaking both his ankles with a sledge hammer. Both of these women felt the need to keep these men hidden, trapped, and injured so they may stay with them forever. Miss Emily trapped Homer in death to stay with her since he had no interest in marrying her. In â€Å"Misery† Prior to having his ankles broken Paul finds newspaper clippings of previous victims of Annie where she was never convicted, He then realizes he may be next on her list. Soon after crippling Paul an officer drops by to see if Annie was aware that Novelist Paul Sheldon was missing and they were searching for him. Paul hears the officer and yells for help when Annie hears his screams she kills the officer and Paul is left once more to endure her gruesome punishment. Neither one of the men could predict what was going to happen to them, but Homer didn’t endure being tortured nor was he held captive for weeks. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Miss Emily was never caught nor suspected for the  disappearance of Homer. After the death of Miss Emily and after her services the town folk were curious to see   the inside of her home. (page 211, there was one room that no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced). After entering the room they noticed mens toiletries, suits, ties and a pair of shoes even more so they noticed the man in her bed, His well over rotten body lay there in a nightshirt and next to him they could see where Miss Emily would lay beside him every night after his death. Unlike Miss Emily Annie didn’t get away with what she did to Paul, after killing the officer Paul tricks her into buying Champagne and cigars to celebrate the return of Misery, while setting up for their night of celebration Paul lights the re-written novel on fire and throws it. Annie begins to put out the flame when Paul slams his typewriter on the top of her head and shoves pieces of the burned novel pages into her mouth, she then dies of a fractured skull. Sometime after Paul is rescued by police. Both of these stories where great and though they are in different settings the characters shared similar physiological problems and depression. I think if both of these women met and could ever be in the same story there would be gory, suspenseful, torturing of men. I would like to read a book where Stephen King and William Faulkner write a story sharing both their ideas, I think it would be very interesting, thrilling and great to read.

Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin

Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin 1. Synopsis This experiment serves 2 objectives the production of Aspirin from esterification of salicylic acid with excess acetic anhydride and obtaining it in a purer state by recrystallisation, hence determines the melting point of the acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that was synthesised and purified. To achieve this, salicylic acid is reacted with excess acetic anhydride in the presence of the sulphuric acid as the catalyst, which produces precipitate ASA and aqueous acetic acid. I applied suction filtration to collect the ASA as the residue having acetic acid as the filtrate. Pure aspirin is a white crystalline solid. The aspirin initially produced by synthesis may be light tan, indicating the presence of impurities. The ASA synthesis earlier is purified by recrystallization. In recrystallization, the impure solid is dissolved in a hot solvent (aqueous ethanol) and the resulting solution is allowed to cool slowly. As the solution cools, crystals of the product will form and soluble impurities will remain in solution. From this experiment, the percentage yield of ASA is around 49%, using capillary test the melting point of ASA falls in the rage of 137.9-140.5 0 C. The appearance of ASA is an odourless, white, needle-shaped and shiny solid. In conclusion, experiment is a success. Despite product had a low percent yield and was found to be impure due to its low melting point. 2. Introduction Aspirin is the trade name for the molecule acetylsalicylic acid. The earliest known use of this molecule has been traced back to the fifth century B.C. The Greek physician Hippocrates described an extract of willow tree bark, a bitter powder that could be used to reduce fevers. In 1829, Salicin was isolated from willow bark and used as a pain reliever. Unfortunately Salicin was not very popular since it was found to be very acidic and a stomach irritant. In 1897 Felix Hoffman, a German chemist, was working for the Bayer chemical company. Hoffman wanted to formulate for a less acidic pain reliever as his father could consume for his arthritis. His studies led to the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or aspirin. Bayer patented the name and commenced to market the product in 1899. It was a huge success and sales grew rapidly. In fact, the company set up by Friedrich Bayer Company is generally considered to have been the first pharmaceutical company, and the production of aspirin has indisputably laid the base of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Only until the 1970s that scientists starts to comprehend the concept on how aspirin function as a pain reliever. Today 80 billion aspirin tablets are taken every year over the al the countries to reduce fevers, relieve pain, and even help prevent heart attacks. Bayer In commercial aspirin products, a small amount of ASA (300 to 400 mg) is bound together with a starch binder and sometimes caffeine and buffers to make an aspirin tablet. The basic conditions in the small intestine break down the ASA to yield salicylic acid, which is absorbed into the bloodstream. The addition of a buffer reduces the irritation caused by the carboxylic acid group of the aspirin molecule. 3. Theory Esters are organic compounds with the general formula RCOOR, where R and R can be an alkyl group or an aromatic group. Alkyl group is an alkane that is short of one hydrogen since it needs one bond to be branched from the parent chain. Aromatic compounds are a class of molecules containing benzene, a six-membered carbon rings with delocalized pi electrons. This type of group is found in salicyclic acid and ASA. Esters are readily synthesized by the reaction between a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, and an alcohol, ROH, as shown in the following reaction. The reaction above is also known as esterification. It is a condensation reaction, whereby two molecules combine to form one single molecule, while removing a small molecule (e.g. H2O) in the process. The reaction to I have used synthesis ASA is very similar to the one above. Salicylic acid a phenol consisting of a phenyl bonded to the hydroxyl (-OH) which is very much alike to alcohol and acetic Anhydride is a dehydrated carboxylic acid (acetic acid). In the below reaction we use concentrated sulphuric acid as the catalyst. After the warm bath to complete the reaction, we added cold water to quench the reaction (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride) to prevent further reaction to take place. The cold water must be added quickly as to allow fast crystal formations due to the drastic drop in temperature. Stir and rub the walls can create uneven surfaces hence inducing crystallization. ). As such, in this experiment, 2.4 grams of salicylic acid should yield 3.13 grams of Aspirin, it is stated that acetic anhydride is in excess. This is proven by the following calculation: Mol of salicylic acid in this experiment: 2.4(2d.p)/138 = 0.0174 (3 s.f.) Mol of salicylic acid : Mol of Aspirin 1 : 1 Therefore, Mol of Aspirin: 0.0174/1 x 1 = 0.0174 (3 s.f.) Expected mass of Aspirin: 0.017391 x 180 = 3.130 (3 dec.) The solid ASA formed contains impurities and should be recrystallised to achieve a purer state. Recrystallization is possible because most solids are more soluble in hot solvents than in cold solvents. The solubility of ASA increases as temperature increases. This means that if aspirin is dissolved in ethanol to produce a saturated solution and that solution is cooled, the aspirin will crystallize during the cooling. Ethanol has been chosen as the solvent because the polar nature of the hydroxyl group causes ethanol to dissolve many ionic compounds, moreover the ethanol molecule also has a non-polar end, and it will also dissolve non-polar substances. While cooling, crystallization takes place. In crystallization, there is a slow, selective formation of the crystal framework resulting in a pure compound. Instead in precipitation, due to the rapid formation it will trap impurities in the solids crystal framework. For this reason, we should include crystallization to get a purer solid substance. The alternate way of synthesising the aspirin can be produced by replacing the acetylating agent from acetic anhydride to an even more acidic acid known as acetyl chloride CH3COCl. This can increase the percentage yield of ASA, since acetyl chloride is more acidic. The reaction of acetyl chloride with salicylic acid is showed below. However, the by-product is hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead of acetic acid. However, Acetic anhydride is preferred because it is less hazardous to use and less expensive than acetyl chloride. In industry, the acetic acid produced in this reaction can be recovered and converted back into acetic anhydride by the process known as dehydration: We may also create or Salicylic acid from Kolbes reaction whereby we start with a phenol: 4. Procedure Approximately 2.4 grams of salicylic acid is weighed and placed in a dry, 100ml conical flask. 6ml of acetic anhydride is added into the same conical flask, along with 3-4 drops of concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst. The conical flask is then heated at 80-100 degree C in a water bath for 10 to 15 minutes to hasten the reaction. 1ml of distilled H2O is added into the conical flask immediately after it is removed from water bath. 40ml of cold distilled H2O is then added to the conical flask. A stirring rod is used to gently rub the side of the conical flask. This is to scratch off crystals which have formed. Suction filtration is then carried out to remove the crystals from the solution. The crystals are removed from the filter paper. To ensure accuracy, cold distilled H2O is used to wash away remaining crystals from the filter paper. The crystals are then dissolved in 5ml of ethanol. 30ml of hot, distilled H2O is added into the solution, and slowly cooled. Crystallisation of Aspirin will take place as the solution is cooled to room temperature. Suction filtration is done to remove the Aspirin from the solution. The residue is then placed on a watch glass along with the filter paper. Aspirin is then dried by placing it in the oven for 20 minutes, along with the watch glass and filter paper. It will then be transferred to the desiccators for 15 minutes to further dry it. The crystals remained on the filter paper would be pure, dry, Aspirin. The following measurements are taken: Actual weight of salicylic acid is weighed at (1). Weight of filter paper and watch glass is taken. Weight of Aspirin, along with watch glass and filter paper, is taken after (15). After obtaining Aspirin, the melting point of Aspirin is then determined using the capillary method. 5. Results and Calculation Mass Mass of salicylic acid (a) = 2.39 g Mass of filter paper watch glass (b) = 33.11 g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin, filter paper watch glass (c) = 34.64 g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin (d) = (c) (b) = 34.64-33.11 = 1.53 g Percent yield Number of moles of salicylic acid used (e) = 0.0173 mol (Molecular weight of salicylic acid = 138) Expected number of moles of aspirin (f) = 0.0173 mol Expected mass of aspirin (g) = 3.12 g (Molecular weight = 180) Melting point Temperature range 137.9-140.5Â °C Appearance Needle shaped, white, and shiny. 6. Discussion My percentage yield ASA is relatively low since it is only 49%. This may occur due to several factors: While transferring the salicylic acid, some of the solid may stay at the side of the conical flask and even your spactula, and resulting in lesser salicylic acid participating in the process of esterification compared to what have been weighed earlier. Thus, this will result in lower yield of the crystal ASA. It will be advisable to wash the walls with distilled water to ensure more salicylic acid will participate in the reaction. When dissolving the initial amount of salicylic acid in the solution of acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid, it did not completely dissolve into the solution, even when it was heated. This could have a slight impact on the results of the overall yield of aspirin because it was possible that not all of the salicylic acid was synthesized. To determine if this affected the synthesis of aspirin at all, the experiment should have been ran a second time to see if the same thing occurred. The iron (III) chloride test also could have been ran to determine if any of the aspirin degraded to salicylic acid or never converted from salicylic acid. During the suction filtration we should rinse the solid ASA formed in the conical flask and the glass rod during the synthesis before pouring into the BÃ ¼chner funnel repeatedly. After the final suction filtration, another error causes the percentage yield to drop. This is due to the crystals not being fully collected on the filter paper, but rather, remains on the side of the Buchner funnel. This loss can be minimized by the crystals from the side of the BÃ ¼chner funnel to the filter paper moving using a metal spatula before collecting the filter paper and placing it on the watch glass. During recrystallization, one common error of adding too much solvent (ethanol) will result in less percentage yield while cooling. We should refrain from moving or shifting the solution while it is cooling as it will interrupt the crystal formation since the particles are generally held by weak dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bond. We should also allow slow crystal formation as fast crystal formation will cause the trap of impurities and giving higher percentage yield. With the presence of impurities the melting point will decrease and vary in a larger range. 7. Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment is a success since I have managed to synthesis and recrystallise the ASA although we have relatively low percentage yield of 49% that may arise due to several factors as stated in the discussion. I was able to analysis the melting point of the recrystallised aspirin and it is generally low in temperature which implies the presence of impurities.

Trepanation, Spirituality and Loneliness :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The search for a "higher level of consciousness" is one that seems to be as old as consciousness itself. Practices such as the ritualistic or religious consumption of peyote, ayahuasca, psilocybe mushrooms or other such naturally-occuring hallucinogenic drugs, self-deprivation and transcendental meditation are just a few of the countless ways in which mankind has sought to expand the limits of human experience; these practices are still a mainstay in many modern countercultures. They are also very well-known and documented practices. There exists, however, a radical surgical procedure, as old as the aforementioned practices but far less notorious in the general public, which purports to result in the same sort of enlightenment: trepanation, also known as trephination. (Be prepared: likely, the primary reason that trepanation has not received so much attention from popular culture is that it is far more extreme than the other methods mentioned above.) What is trepanation? Strictly speaking, it is the practice of drilling, scraping or in any other way creating a small hole in the skull down to, but not through, the dura mater, or the thick, tough membrane that contains the brain. Archeological evidence tells us that it was performed by ancient cultures on every continent; the oldest trepanned skulls that have currently been found date as far back as 3000 B.C (approximately). In almost all cases, the evidence points to the trepanation having been performed with skill and a great deal of precision - it was clearly a procedure that had ritualistic import. (1) What purpose could this operation possibly serve? In early documented incarnations, trepanation existed as a cure for mental illness - it was believed that mental illnesses were the result of demons living within the skull, and thus a hole was made in the skull through which these demons could escape. The more modern perspective on trepanation as a means of expanding consciousness was started in by Bart Hughes when his text "The Mechanism of Brainbloodvolume ('BBV')" was published in 1962. (1) Bart Hughes' theory can be summed up as follows: "...as we mature and age our skulls harden, restricting blood flow to the capillaries of the brain....children, especially babies with their "soft spot", had a clearer outlook on the world because their brains were free to receive more cerebral blood volume than...our adult brains with hermetically-sealed skulls." (1) There are many ways to increase brainbloodvolume (the self-explanatory term coined by Hughes, hereafter referred to as BBV) tempor arily, such as standing on one's head, quickly moving from a hot to a cold bath, or the consumption of psychedelic drugs; however, according to Hughes trepanation is the only way to increase BBV permanently.

The Count Of Monte Cristo Essay -- essays research papers

The Count of Monte Cristo By: Alexandre Dumas Type of Literary Work: Historical Novel This book is an example of a historical Novel. It is historically accurate, and consists of characters that could have existed in the nineteenth century. Theme:Judgment Day comes to us all inevitably. We all pay for all evil and injustices of our life, yet sometimes there will be someone so viciously wronged, that he will return like a wrath of nature, with and unquenchable thirst for vengeance. Such a vendetta is the building block for the theme of this novel. The Count of Monte Cristo is that wrath of vengeance that crushes those who plotted his demise. Fernand Mondego and Danglars both wronged Dantes, and both were motivated by envy. Both men were filled with jealousy and never thought of the consequences of their actions. Villefort disposes of Dantes because of ambition. He would stop at nothing to climb the aristocratic ladder. Finally, Caderousse, a man that is simply ill natured, helped in the destruction of Dantes> None of these men could fathom how costly the price of these injustices would be. The actions and painful consequences exemplify the novel’s theme. Injustice toward the innocent for ignoble motives such as envy and jealousy will eventually be avenged severely. Live a life of virtue, not of vice, sot that one will not prosper in vain as did the villains of this novel. Setting:France in the nineteenth century is a nation teeming with turmoil. Those loyal to Napoleon feud with those loyal to the French monarchy and Kink Louis. We are moved across this nation in this novel, and begin in a small port city in southern France, Marseilles. Marseilles is where the characters are introduced, and where the conflict first. We quickly proceed to an island that harbors a prison infamous for nearly impossible escape, and sheer brutality, the Chateau d’If . The novel places the characters in the dungeon, giving a sense of hopeless despair, yet from there we move on. After a short stay in Rome at the time of the Carnival, we are settled in Paris. Here most of the plot is developed. The novel finally concludes in the Isle of Monte Cristo. Basic Plot:The Pharon, a three masted ship is docked by a young, skillful, promising young sailor by the name of Edmond Dantes. When the ships owner, Monsieur Morrel, learns that the ship’s admired captain passed away, ... ...fortune rewards his good will. Character most liked: In the novel, I grew especially fond of Monsieur Morrel. His heart was free from hate of thirst for vengeance. He was honest and thrived by helping others. He and his son were the only truly good-hearted men in the novel. He ran a firm with honest practices and persistently helped Dantes. When the Count repaid him for his kindness, the reward was truly deserved. Personal Evaluation: After reading this book, I can see why it has such and enduring popularity. The plot is exciting, and absorbs the reader into a romantic adventure. The characters are clearly described, and are put into situations causing the reader to grow emotions toward the characters. I would certainly recommend this novel for the sheer fact of how involved you become in the novel. I kept wanting to continue reading to see what twist would come up next. If I could change one thing in the novel, it would be the Count of Monte Cristo in one respect. He claimed to be God’s angle of vengeance, implying his actions were God’s will. I believe God is merciful, and punishment come about as consequence of our own sinful deeds, and not because God wishes to punish us.

Critique for the Potentials, Network, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps Towards Participation in Social Movements

Critique for the Potentials, Network, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps towards participation in social movements. The four factors to form social movement are mobilization potentials, forming and activating recruiting networks, raising the motivation to participate and overcome the barriers of participation. Becoming a participant also required four different steps: becoming part of the mobilization potential, becoming target of the mobilization attempts, becoming motivated to participated and overcome the barriers to participate.To define the mobilization potential, the term referred to the people who take a positive attitude to the social movement. Attitudes consist of means and goals toward the movement. With the respect toward means, the term is related to the willingness to become engaged in conventional forms of political behavior, the protest potential in abbreviation. With the respect toward the goals, the concept is related to manifest political potential which means a group of people with a common identity and sharing the common goals. People who are not involved in the mobilization potential won’t consider participating in the movement activities.To explain the recruitment network and the mobilization attempts. Despite the mobilizing consensus and the mobilization potential, if these factors can’t be linked to the recruitment network, the mobilization won’t be realized. The networks identifies whether the people became the target of mobilization attempts. People can be target by the mobilization attempts by media, mail, relationships with organizations and friends. Different routes get a different influence on people. The significance of friendships reaching potential participants has been emphasized in many researches.The third factor is the motivation to participate. The motivation is defined as the function of the perceived costs and the benefits of participation. Two different kinds of incentives are identified as the collect ive incentives and the selective incentives. With the respect to the collective incentives, a multiplicative relationship is assumed between the value of the collective goods and the expectancy of the success. With the respect of the collective incentives, the soft or social incentives are important in determining the willingness to participate while the effect of the hard or nonsocial incentives is ambiguous.Such incentives appeared different effects in different environment. Since the movements must communicate to the potential participants to which extent the incentives are controlled by the movement, the mobilization of consensus is also a key part of this stage. The fourth factor is the barriers to participation. Motivation and barriers interact to active participation. The more people are motivated, the higher barrier they can overcome. Maintaining or increasing motivation or removing barriers are the two strategies for the movement.The paper gave the data on all the four step s of the mobilization campaign for the peace demonstration in The Hague in 1983 which is the largest demonstration the Netherlands had ever experienced. The authors conducted surveys before and after the demonstration in sake to analyze the participation behavior. In the survey, the mobilization potential, mobilization target, motivations, participation, attitudes, incentives, participation barriers, leftism of party vote and demographics of the participant have been measured. In each of the process toward the final demonstration considerable amount of people drop out.Not being the target of the mobilization attempts, unable to overcome the barriers, could not arouse the motivation to participate lead to the drop out situation. The author analyzes those factors carefully in the paper to explain the result. The first step is the mobilization potential. Authors compared the age, gender, education, vote behavior, and attitudinal factors to analyze the people whether belong to the mobil ization or not. With the respect to the demographics, olds and people who votes for the right party tend not belong to the mobilization potential.People from the mobilization potential were more concern about and fight against about the missile deployment and sign a petition to against the deployment. The two groups show no difference on the possibility to control the arms race no matter in which way this would be achieved. The political preference is also a factor influence the motivation potential. People who stay outside the mobilization potential of movement against the missile were mostly from the right wing. The entire left wing of the Dutch society was the part of the motivation potential.The author also found that the people who did not belong to the motivation potential got higher education level which is contradict to previous study. In conclusion, the mobilization potential of the movement covered a wide range of social categories rather than restricted to categories thou ght to be typical of the mobilization potentials of new social movements like new middle class, well-educated professionals and youth. The second step is to become the target of the mobilization attempts. Whether a person has formal or informal links with local peace movement is used to test whether person have been the target of mobilization attempt.Most of the mobilization potentials were reached by mobilization attempts by formal networks like visit peace stand, reading newspapers or reached by organizations. Individual with several or even many acquaintances who tend to go to the demonstration are defined as have an informal recruitment network to the movement. Only 30% of the respondent got several informal links. The ratio of the mobilization potential has no link, formal link or informal link with the peace movement networks are quite the same at around 20%. 40% of the people got both kinds of link to the movement.This indicates that people who belonged to the mobilization po tential had been as frequently targets of mobilization attempts as people outside the mobilization potential. People outside the potential have more formal links than the people within the potential. But with fewer informal links doesn’t prevent the government organization to approach these people. Gender factors have no independent effect on the links to government networks. Highly educated people appeared to create new mobilization potentials because they connected to the social network engaged in recruitment more.Informal networks are far more important than the formal ones in arousal of the motivation to participate. The third step is the motivation to participate. The motivation depends on the specific blend of costs and benefits perceived. With the respect of the collective incentives, in this demonstration, none of the respondent was optimistic about the outcome. In this protection, the potential participants estimated the number of participants more than the nonpartic ipant did, this is contradict to the finding that people tend to participate more if they expect others will do so as well.But in certain conditions, people tend to participate less when they believe other people will. With the respect of the selective cost and benefit, knowing more people will increase the tendency one goes to the demonstration. The nonsocial cost of the demonstration is low. In the regression analysis, the result shows that the collective incentives were more important than the selective incentives in determining the motivation to participate. Due to the small sample size, the stage of overcome the barriers to participate cannot be explain.Previous papers have explained the nonparticipation in many points of views. Free rider problem has been used to explain the nonparticipation phenomena. In some past research, free rider theory has been used to explain the non-participation. In this research, the author explains the non-participation by the four steps towards th e participation. This paper also reveals that the attitudes toward to goal were important determinant of willingness to participate.The network and ideological incentives are another important factor affect peoples’ participation decision. In this paper, the author gives four stages to explain why people would like to participate in social movement or not. The issue the author does not mention a lot is the institutional factors. How the institution can courage people to participate the movement and how they can control the movement can be studied. The problem in the paper is the sample size may be a little too small. This may cause some statistical problem during the research.

Examine Marxist views of the role of the family Essay

Marxist is a perspective view that society is built as class conflict between the Capitalist who own the means of production and the working class. Capitalists believe that there is are three functions of the family: Inheritance of property; ideology functions and unit of consumptions. Marxists say that the family benefits capitalist. Marxists say that one role or functions of the family is inheritance of property. The Bourgeoisie own the means of production whereas the working class just work for the capitalist and own no means of production. The Capitalist want to keep control of the means of production and the only way they can do this is by inheritance of property, which means that all the property is handed down to the first son. A Marxist sociologist, Engles, says this explains the rise in monogamist marriages as marriage makes sure there is a legitimate heir. This is why families are important as it helps maintain a capitalist society. Another role or function the family has i s an ideology function. Ideology function means a set of beliefs and ideas that the capital is a dominant class and that the equality is right and just. The family helps keep this idea by primary socialisation of the young and children being brought up learning these ideas that Capitalism is right. This helps maintain capitalism because children will eventually become the next labour force for capitalists. The last role of the family is that it is a unit of consumption which means that Capitalist own the production and the working class are wanting for Capitalist as well as buying from them. This helps maintain capitalism, which is a family’s main role or function, because they are buying from capitalism and they would benefit. Feminist would criticise Marxist by saying that the family benefit men and men only, causing aoppression for women. Functionalist would criticise the Marxist view that the family benefits Capitalist. They believe that society is based or a value consensus. And that the family benefits society as well as its individual members.

Leadership at BMW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership at BMW - Essay Example While charismatic leaders are achievement-oriented visionaries who, by virtue of their characteristic aura and excellent communication, inspire their followers, and are also capable of taking a calculated risk, noncharismatic leaders are knowledgeable, confident and analytical. Unlike democratic leaders who believe in participative management style and encourage the involvement of subordinates in the decision-making process, autocratic leaders tend to use the power of their position to impose their verdict on subordinates. Leaders are seen as enablers when they inspire and empower subordinates, and controllers when they manipulate subordinates. These two contrasting styles can be correlated to some extent to autocratic and democratic styles. Finally, transactional leaders are those who incentivize the performance of employees and transformational leaders are motivators who aim at enriching the subordinates. In compliance with the German laws concerning publicly listed organizations, BMW has a supervisory board and a board of management (BOM). The BOM has six members who are led by the Chairman, Board of Management Dr. - Ing. Norbert Reithofer. The supervisory board consists of ten representatives of shareholders as well as employees (BMW-website-a, 2009). The chairman of the supervisory board is appointed by the Quandts and BMW employees comprise half of the board. The organizational structure of BMW is team oriented. The organization employs interrelated and multi-skilled work teams. Being a top-notch automobile company, BMW has institutionalized the concept of high-performance work groups which are self-organized.

Is Building Information Modelling (BIM) successfully delivering time Literature review

Is Building Information Modelling (BIM) successfully delivering time and cost benefits - Literature review Example It is a revolutionary type of technology that helps to inform and to communicate data and decisions with regards to a particular project. It uses digital technology in order to show the physical characteristics of a building and also the functionality of the particular building. BIM has the ability to provide information with regards to a project from its inception up to completion .It helps deliver the right information to the right people. It is used by various individuals and institutions in the process of designing, construction and operation of complex structures and infrastructures. It has a very wide application and can be used in a variety of areas ranging from warehouses, offices, schools, apartments, hospitals, prisons and other facilities. BIM models are employed in construction projects in order to ensure that there is efficient information management, as in the information is there when needed and is delivered promptly (Epstein, 2012). The uses of BIM are incorporated in to all aspects of building process such as the design and planning phases to the implementation of the actual project and other supporting activities such as the management of costs, management of the project itself in terms of labour and the actual facility operation (Race, 2012). BIM creates efficiency and has several benefits as well. One of the main advantages of BIM is that it reduces rework (Epstein, 2012). This is because; it is able to calculate with high levels of accuracy the exact amount of resources and materials that will be used and hence there is less wastage in the various processes. This enables work to be done instantaneously and, therefore, eliminates the need for reworks. It improves productivity. Through the information that is generated by this technology, it is able to calculate the exact amount of resources that can be used in a

First Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

First Exam - Assignment Example 25). The first year of operation, the expansion of the company may be limited because of the evaluation of the cash flows to ascertain profitability of capital purchases. Leasing on a 36 month plan for 2013 ODYSSEY LX Leasing has several advantages that could lead to it being an advantage for the company. According to Parker, leasing has six main advantages that make it possible for businesses to use it as a method of acquisition of services (Parker, 2005, p. 48). Leasing offers chance of 100 percent financing which means that most leases come with a financing plan that makes it possible. The monthly contribution for the service may be cheaper. In fact, from the values obtained in the lease of the cars, it is evident that leasing offers lower monthly charges compared to purchase charges. The second advantage of leasing is the reduction of situations of obsolescence. Vehicles depreciate fast making them obsolete in a couple of years. Thirdly, leasing offers asset flexibility which mak es it easy to obtain assets. Total Initial Fees $15.00. Amount Due at Start of Lease $442.23; Total Monthly Payment $357.73. For the 36 months the total cost of the lease will be 357*36= 12, 852 The total monthly repayment is added to initial fees and the amount due at the start of the lease, initial cost, annual fees and the sales tax= 12852+784.25+69.50+25360=39065.75 Less the end value= 36065.75+15408.40 = 51, 474.15 The results of the financial evaluation of the lease indicate that the lease of the vehicle will be expensive in the long term. Lease reduces the taxable income of the company, which is more appropriate manner than depreciation which includes the use of the depreciation expense (Gitman, Juchau, & Flanagan, 2004, p. 66). However, the taxes saved today may be paid tomorrow making the approach different, but costly in some instances. The vehicle is useful in the long term service of the firm as such the lease may be expensive if used for five to 10 years. Therefore the option of lease for the 2013 ODYSSEY LX is not viable. Purchasing a 2013 ODYSSEY LX with a three-year payment Cost of purchase Initial Cost: $25,360.00; Term 36 months; Interest Rate 1.9%; Sales Tax: $1,648.40; Total Fee $15.00; Total Monthly Payment $773.41. The total cost of the purchase = 27842.72 + 1648.40+15+25360=54, 866.16 The cost of purchasing the van will be cheaper compared to leasing of the van from Honda. The purchase of the car in a three year plan will ensure faster payment for the car and accelerate the ownership transfer. However, monthly payments are high when you purchase than when you lease. The beauty of purchase is that you can sell the car in case of business challenges and allow for the development of the other aspect. There is no limitation on the mileage when using a purchased vehicle. Therefore, choosing whether to lease or buy is dependent of cost implications, advantages and disadvantages of the purchase or lease options. For the company, the longevity o f operations must be evaluated in order to achieve success. The purchase would be the most viable option based on the cost implications of the cars. The total cost of leasing a 2013 ODYSSEY LX for three years is $51, 474.15 while for a three-year purchase option is $54, 866.16. The five-year

Preach a narrative sermon based on a short passage of Scripture Essay

Preach a narrative sermon based on a short passage of Scripture applying the learning from the Narrative Preaching Topic to its preparation - Essay Example The word of God in the book of 1Timothy 4:12 reads, â€Å"Let no one despise you for your youth, but set the believers an example in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith, in purity.† As a woman, you may be vulnerable to mistreatments due to world culture of consider females as inferior gender. People may abuse and insult you so that you feel to have a lower and powerless to defend yourself. The Bible encourages you not to allow people despise you because of your youth. The fact that you trust and believe in God establishes the foundation of strength and encouragement. Our God and Jesus His Son promised never to forsake the believers. Our Father is always willing and able to come to your rescue. Even God recognizes that that youthfulness is a moment of strength that people should most of what they desire (Spencer, 2014). Despite of the challenges and problems of youthfulness, God views youthfulness with great reverence. As a believer, you should not struggle to gain the trust of the world. Instead, let yourself be trustworthy to God and your life shall not have any blemish. Do not hate your aggressors or those who betray your trust. God will hear you and will not care about your sex. Ask God to give love, understanding and courage to face your worldly enemies. Just as the Bible verse advises, speak to the believers in love, faith, purity and conduct. You cannot exhibit love, faith, purity, and good conduct if you lack God’s mercies (Spencer, 2014). He gives the qualities to those who believe in Him and walk in His ways. Remember that God’s ways are righteous and pure so that any person who wants to walk in the way must desire righteousness and purity. Do not lose heart for The Lord has you in His heart and will be your anchor, protector and comforter when the whole world attempt to forsake you. In fact, it is better for the world to forsake you because it is then that God will accept you. The ways and the love of the world are